FUNGAL-DEGRADED MAIZE BY-PRODUCTS AS FEED FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAM
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 5000
ABSTRACT
Maize by-products are potential feed resources for ruminants if properly harnessed. Their uses are however limited by high fibre content and low digestibility which can be enhanced by fungal degradation. Information on the use of fungal-degradation of maize by-products as feed for ram is scanty. The nutritive value of biodegraded maize byproducts in West African Dwarf (WAD) ram was therefore assessed. Maize Cob (MC), Maize Husk, Maize Stover, and Maize Straw were degraded for 40 days using four different fungi: Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Lentinus subnudus, and Pleurotus tuber-regium. The substrates were analyzed for changes in the proximate composition and fibre fractions. In-Vitro Gas Production (IVGP) was used to predict the Metabolizable Energy (ME), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA). The MC and Pt were thereafter selected for in-vivo studies using twenty rams allotted to five groups of four rams per treatment in a completely randomized design. Each group was fed of the diets in which MC (g/100g) treated with Pt replaced wheat offal at 0(A), 25 (B), 50 (C), 75 (D) and 100 (E) as supplement to basal Panicum maximum in an experiment lasting 114 days. Parameters measured were Voluntary Dry Matter Intake (VDMI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), ruminal-pH, Total Volatile Fatty Acids (TVFA) and Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N). The rams were sacrificed and data were obtained on Hot Carcass Weight (HCW) and Rib-Eye-Area (REA). Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA (p = 0.05). Fungaldegradation increased the crude protein from 6.8 to 9.4% while crude fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin were significantly reduced from 29.5 to 14.5% to 14.5, 49.9 to 40.7% and 15.8 to 11.2% respectively in MC. The IVGP, OMD, ME and SCF also improved significantly from 8.3 to 32.8ml, 38 to 52.6%, 5.2 to 7.7MJ/kg DM and 0.4 to 0.7µM respectively. Fungal- degradation significantly improved the VDMI (g) which increased consistently from 676.8 in rams on control diet to 709.4 for rams on diet E. The ADWG (g/d) recorded for rams ranged from 67.7 for rams on control diet to 88.8 for animals on diets E. The FCR and ruminat- pH for rams on diets A (9.99, 6.76), B (8.83, 6.74), C (8.34, 6.17), D (8.28, 6.70) and E (7.99, 6.45) were significantly lower compared with those on control diet. The TVFA (meq/L) increased from 10.1 to 12.8 in iii diets A to E. The NH3-N (mg/mL) also increased from 18.2 to 26.4 in diet A to E. Treatment effects on REA were significantly higher for those on bio-degraded diets compared with the control diet. The HCW (Kg) were 9.6, 12.0, 10.5, 10.2 and 10.7 for rams on treatments A, B, C, D and E respectively and was improved by fungaldegradation. Inclusion of maize cob treated with Pleurotus tuber-regium in the diet of rams improved the voluntary feed intake, digestibility, hot carcass weight and rib-eyearea. Biodegraded maize cob completely replaced wheat offal in the diet of West African Dwarf rams.
Related Project Materials
An Appraisal of Constitutional Law on Fostering Public-Private Sector Collaboration: A Study of Minna Local Government Area, Niger State
Background of the Study
Public-private sector collaboration has become a crucial strategy for n...
EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEES IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF BENIN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANY (BEDC)
ABSTRACT
If the managers are able to understand, predict and control employee behavior, then they should have the knowle...
An Evaluation of Electoral Observers’ Recommendations and Policy Changes: The Case of Maiduguri Local Government, Borno State
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Electoral observers play a critical role i...
IMPACT OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS IN TEACHING HOME ECONOMICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Teaching and learning activities are interesting when instructional materials are used effectively and efficiently in a classroom-teaching situatio...
The effect of geopolitical tensions on rural economic development in Kwande Local Government Area, Benue State
Chapter One: Introduction
The effect of website usability on customer retention in e-commerce: A case study of online retailers in Katsina State
Background of the Study
Website usability refers to the ease with which users can navigate a website to achieve their objectives, whether...
DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR PENSION ADMINISTRATION IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR
ABSTRACT
This research work is designed to develop effective strategy for pension administration in the Nigeria public sector, using pens...
An Evaluation of Nurses' Knowledge of Cancer Screening Guidelines in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital
Background of the Study
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with early detection through scree...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A HOUSE RENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
This software project is a house rental management system with some added fun...
USERS’ ASSESSMENT OF CONDUCIVENESS OF CAMPUS INFRASTRUCTURE AT FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA
ABSTRACT
Higher educational institutions, particularly government owned institutions, in developing countries are described as unconduciv...
